What to Expect From Example of Apa Research Paper?

What to Expect From Example of Apa Research Paper? APA format can help you to organize your paper well. Basically, it is used in the social sciences but it is not just limited to social sciences alone. The format comprises the outline of the paper and the way to compose certain regions of the paper. You could also see program outline. If you consider research paper outline examples, you will observe we have several methods to present the major body. You can also see book outline. You could also see essay outline. You can also see presentation outline. Making an APA outline is the very first matter to do in developing a structure on what is going to be written in the paper and the way it's written. It allows you to submit your APA style research paper without a lot of trouble. The method section is among the main elements of your APA format paper. In case the structure of the principal body has many levels, it is preferable to use different numbering styles. APA style research paper template is useful in making all these guidelines clearer. Hearsay, Lies and Example of Apa Research Paper The rest of the paragraphs in the paper needs to be indented. You could also see course outline. You might also see resume outline. You could also see chapter outline. Example of Apa Research Paper Secrets That No One Else Knows About The previous section of the Introduction states the objective of the research. Your working bibl iography needs to be kept separate from the remainder of your paper. For example if you're writing a business letter you may use a template that has space assigned for your address, your clients address and similar requisites. A template is a kind of design that is already formatted in your document so you can commence writing on opening it. The Example of Apa Research Paper Game If you're not conscious of APA requirements just type in Google (or another search engine) APA format and you are certain to get tons of results. The format to be used is related to the topic that you have chosen. If needed, you can supply the list of the principal keywords of your paper, it is going to help different people should they need to seek out your work in internet databases but you ought to use only keywords that describe your research in a suitable way. If you don't have a detailed collection of all your references, you may find yourself scrambling to work out where you found certain bits of information which you included in your paper. Up in Arms About Example of Apa Research Paper? There are several different sets of rules that are applied based on the specifics of the area of study. In case you're not able to do the research paper because of any reason, you can depend on ProfEssays to write for you in accordance to your requirements. In the event you doubt that it is possible to deal with the job, make sure that you search for skilled help. The increasing ethnic and racial diversity of the nation is related to the government policies. The organization's major aim is to promote psychology as a science, profession, and a method of improving the well-being, mental well-being, and education of individuals. If you want to compose your research proposal for the very first time, it might be handy to use completely free sample research paper on borderline personality disorder. You may also describe the range of your research. Some students simply don't have suf ficient knowledge for a definite job. Some readers will be considering research methods utilized in your work while others might read certain points mentioned in your research. Most theories suggest that only very disturbed individuals do horrible actions if they're ordered to achieve that. You provide references at the close of the work to permit others to discover the information which you used. So, the one thing you must do is simply to organize information you've found and texts you have written for your research. The Basic Facts of Example of Apa Research Paper Compile each of the sources that you may possibly use in your paper. Thus, you need to understand how to cite your sources right. It's also a terrific instance of a typical research paper. Figures on the opposite hand come in various forms.

Baseball Protypes - 891 Words

It’s fantasy baseball playoff time, and if you made all the right moves during the regular season, you’re battling for your league title. Now is not the time to be timid. Holding on tightly to veteran pitchers may seem like a good strategy, but it can backfire. When you follow rosters, keeping up with the MLB lineups using information from sites such as FantasyAlarm.com, you know there are young pitchers making their way to the big show. Some of these pitchers clearly realize this may be their one and only chance to shine. First, you need to appreciate a couple reasons why these young pitchers have a chance to do really well. Then you calculate which ones have the highest chance of catapulting you to your league championship. When†¦show more content†¦Ã‚ · Carson Fulmer - The White Sox have three strong prospects for their future. They are going to play out the string in 2017 looking at which of these pitchers steps forward. Fulmer is one of the more intriguing of this trio of pitching prospects. Much of his minor league difficulties have centered on control issues. Too many free passes have lead to a balloon in his ERA. At times, he has used his mid-90s fastball to mow down hitters, while at other times he can’t seem to locate with consistency. Fulmer had tossed 6 innings with only three Ks out of the bullpen since his call up, but nailed 9 San Francisco hitters in his first start. He has his future in front of him, and his 3 hit, 1 run performance in his first start turned the heads of the White Sox brass. Look for Fulmer to pitch his final opportunities with a sense of purpose.  · Lucas Giolito – Giolito’s fantasy numbers in his first four starts have accounted for two masterful performances, sandwiched in the middle of two defensive collapses by his fielders. He allowed 1 earned run, scattering only a half dozen hits over 14 innings in two victories. He maintained his 1K/inning rate in those two wins. In his other two starts, the White Sox defense fell apart. It led to a momentary loss of concentration against San Francisco, leading to 4 walks. Giolito still gave up only three hits in 5 plus innings of work, so the potential is obviously there. Giolito may have the

Strategic Execution of Mozilla Corporation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Execution of Mozilla Corporation. Answer: Introduction Most corporate organizations in the past have relied on the idea of using their past experiences to develop their future strategies. Such an approach has been rendered ineffective in business development, and in the recent past, the development of strategic plans by most corporations and businesses had become the order of the day. However, it has come to the reality of various organizational management boards that the success of a corporate strategic plan is determined by the ability or the efforts of the organization to execute the plan. Strategic planning was seen as the most challenging exercise in strategic planning without the understanding that having or developing a successful execution strategy is even harder than developing a strategic plan (Haines, 2016). This essay will, therefore, provide an understanding of strategic execution through analysis of Mozilla Corporation in a move to understand the challenge facing most organizations about executing organizational strategies effectively as well as making vital thinking part of everyones day to day life. The term organizational DNA, has been used to describe or provide an understanding of the personality or values of an organization and establishes whether it is active or weak in achieving or executing the organization strategy. Mozilla Corporation has developed quite a different or unique organizational culture by setting different corporate values compared to other organizations. Most organizations define its workforce as the staff workers working for the company. However, Mozilla Corporation has a liberal base of a diverse collection of both volunteers as well as paid staff who work together to achieve a common objective (Gnther, 2016). The company culture is against the traditional employment equation which is used by many companies and holds that when an employee is hired, his or her contribution to the company starts and ends after the individual is fired. The company has established a culture through which employees may begin from volunteer positions and end up taking paid pos itions later and may even choose to volunteer then. The organization culture for Mozilla Corporation is based on humanity and the potential the individuals have towards each other. The organization has focused on developing an environment where employees and staff feel championed to achieve the maximum possibilities for the growth of the organization. The company business plan is aimed at creating a global open business community of internet programmers to enhance the development of innovation in the browser market (Bahrami, 2013). To achieve the company business strategy, the company had to develop an execution strategy which is centered on the people or the people's operations. Through this initiative, the employees or staff always feel to be part of the company by volunteering to work compared to being paid. Such a culture promotes employee productivity without the need for other material motivational programs. Employees in the organization feel more valued, and their skills cannot be measured regarding monetary value as compared t o human resource efforts in other companies. The organizational DNA is therefore established on the development of people by becoming more conscious, more understanding of their needs, developing their skills and making sure that they are well represented. The company strategy has moved from focused to a systematic business strategy where they seek to establish a balance between the intellectual skills of an individual or staff and their functional capabilities (Mikesell Wood, 2016). The company does not characterize its team through their abilities but seeks to develop them through practical innovations and skill development. Once they establish peoples centered strategy, the company is then able to build its technology strategy by creating changes which match the peoples skills and result in the development of internet products which are consumer sensitive. Mozilla corporation business strategy is built on humanity based philosophy. It believes that, for successful execution of strategic business plan the company has to asse ss how it works, understand how the program was organized and the objectives of the company. Lessons from Mozilla Corporation to other Knowledge-based Organizations Despite the corporation efforts to add to the existing software technology social aspects, interactions and the people's platform Mozilla has given other organizations a need to develop new ideas and innovations. Strategy execution initiatives in a company may not be necessarily the same since every company has its established action plans. However, other knowledge-based corporations such as Google, Google Chrome as well as Firefox can learn from Mozilla Corporation (Al-Khouri, 2014). The company strategy has been developed with the understanding of people, technology, the company product and the organizations or institutions evolutions. The strategy execution plan is excellent an aspect that other companies can learn to add more value to the strategy to enhance its effectiveness in achieving the company objectives. Mozilla believes that sometimes its not about the people or the brand of the company but the values of the brand (Duggal, 2018), an aspect that has given it a competitive advantage over other non-profit entities. This is an idea that has also been adopted by Google as a pioneer in the technology and innovation industry. The company strategy for educating the users to improve the involvement in web citizenship is excellent however it is also essential to learn that the period taken to inform these people may take longer and reduce the chances of people joining the web platforms. This aspect is missing in Mozilla products, and therefore the company should start creating more value to their products by developing new ideas and not building on established concepts or software. Google operates under an open policy and has employed the use of a free business model as well as focused on fast innovations. This does not mean that Mozilla should use the same strategy but should enhance their i nternet and browsing services by improving on their innovations. Achieving performance objectives in developing a working community, Mozilla Corporation has internet programmers trained in fueling innovation in the browser market. Therefore, there is a need for other companies to create value through changes to the company brand as this will help increase the company web citizenship. The development of Firefox Quantum was to rival with the company main competitors Chrome. The new browser by Mozilla is twice as fast as the original Firefox browser. Like Mozilla, Chrome can also remain a customers choice due to its ability to offer robust feature set, a thriving extension system, an integration to integrate Google accounts as well as its compatibility and reliability of their mobile apps. These achievements from Mozilla Corporation can be a learning platform for Google Company to build their brands around people, technology, and the organizational culture. Other organizations can also use the same strategy to add value to their brands which can indirectly contribute to the growth of the prior strategies. Like Mozilla, a company execution strategy and involvement of people in the organization should focus on adding value to the company brand. Challenges facing Debbie Cohen regarding strategy execution and alignment Strategy execution in an organization as discussed earlier is very difficult compared to developing a strategic plan. Therefore when Debbie Cohen was appointed as the chief of People at Mozilla had a difficult task in executing the company strategy. In his period he encountered several challenges, and the first challenge was on how to scale the constant growing and changing Mozilla and at the same time maintain and improve the quality of the company as well as its people (Bahrami, 2013). The second challenged that she encountered was how she would ensure the company remains competitive in the web browsing market and also on how she would continue right to the company core values and mission. Despite these organizational challenges, Debbie Cohen also had personal problems which included the challenge of how to stay true to her roots, what she wanted to become in future and what she stood. The organizational challenges mostly based on the corporate culture, their product and the industry the company was operating. The company had experienced tremendous growth in the web browsing market and had rivaled her competitors such as the Microsoft internet explorer and making extraordinary steps to match the market pioneers such as Google (Bungay, 2011). The company, human resource culture, was different as it was based on having a workforce of volunteers and a few paid staff and which not what she was used to as most organizations had employees who were paid yet the organization did not have any role prescribed for human resource functions. There was a need therefore to develop a people-centered strategy that was considerate of the organizational culture and values. Having presented with such challenges, Debbie Cohen has to understand that the effectiveness of any company strategy is directly proportional to the commitment of the people who are accountable to fulfilling it, posses. The company executive teams who are implementing the plan play a vital role in the successful execution of the strategy and therefore their level of ownership, commitment and accountability are also directly proportional to the effectiveness of the plan. With that understanding it will be easy for her to understand how the company works, its organization regarding structure, the goals, and objectives of the company or what mattered to the organization as well as the people working in the company. Debbie Cohen needs to start by conducting commitment audit to establish the high commitment, ownership and accountability levels of the existing executive. It is after understanding these levels when she can go ahead and develop a bold and compelling future strategy (Reeves Deimler, 2011). She should also define her plan to achieve success by focusing on the challenges and then incorporate everyone in the organization. The main reason for these steps that she should take is based on the fact that the success of the peoples operations project that she has to undertake will be determined by the level of commitment of the executive team. Getting Everyone to Participate in Strategic Thinking and Execution The success of an organization will depend on the involvement of all company stakeholders towards the achievement of a common goal. In this case, the company would be seeking to establish a long-term performance and increase overall stakeholder engagement. The knowledge and practices of cross-functional strategic thinking can have a significant impact in helping the company achieve these goals (Madsen Walker, 2015). Cross-functional involves the coming together to work for common purpose whereas strategic thinking consists of the application of strategic innovation planning and operational planning in developing effective business strategies. This implies that cross-functional strategic thinking suggests the coming together of all business stakeholders and applying both strategic and operational plans to achieve a common goal. Cross-functional strategic thinking creates a culture of continuous organizational improvement which means that all the organization stakeholders take part in improving the performance of the businesses. They all take part in the ownership of the company or the industry and can provide solutions to the business problems (Wu et al., 2015). It plays a vital role in improving communication in the company which comprises of diverse groups of people. Such commitment and communication are very critical in effective execution of company strategic plans. Strategic thinking is a precious and useful tool in strategic planning. In business, strategic thinkers are considered to be the most highly effective leaders. Strategic thinking helps the stakeholders sit down or come together, talk about the company problems, assess the issues and develop or create a future for the company through strategic planning (Zheng ., 2017). This knowledge is essential for the company as it will help them work towards a common goal and reduce the chances of failure of business plans which result from uncooperative stakeholders. It enhances commitment and business accountability which is critical to effective strategy execution. The long-term success or performance of the company, as well as its stakeholder engagement, will be determined by the companys efforts to develop within itself cross-functional strategic thinking initiatives or strategies. Building an organization based on the culture and values of the organization will require the cross-sectional an d strategic thinking as well as making innovative decisions (Wheeler, 2017). Mozilla Corporation is strategizing to build a community or internet programmers and increase her involvement or engagement in web citizenship by focusing on the development of the organizational culture. Therefore an organization centered in developing its people base will efficiently employ the use cross-functional strategic thinking to improve the company or organization performance. Key Insights from this Course This course has been resourceful in understanding how strategy development and planning is critical to the growth and development of any businesses. A key point of understanding was the discovery that strategy execution is even more critical to the effectiveness or success of a strategic plan compared to strategic planning. Most business has therefore focused on developing good strategic ideas and presenting them to the company or business stakeholders without the development of strategy execution plan (Bryson, 2018). This might have been one of the reasons many strategic projects have failed in achieving the set objectives. Strategy execution plays a similar role in strategic management by helping the company or organization to transform the static strategic plan into systems that allow the program to evolve and grow as per requirement. The understanding of organizational culture is essential in strategy execution as it defines the organization personality and helps in understanding whether the organization is strong or weak in executing its strategy. The modern corporate world is characterized by a lot of uncertainties which the company should be keen to recognize its signals. The ability of a company or organization to adapt to future changes has become the current competitive advantage (Salerno et al., 2015). Therefore most company develops their strategic plans with a goal of building an enduring competitive advantage. The ability read and act to signals of change from the external environment is an excellent strategic plan that will help businesses to thrive in the modern competitive business world. The company organizations, therefore, need to keep experimenting and reviewing their business strategies because experiments lead to discoveries (Choe, 2014). It is crucial also to invest in building the skills of t he company by going beyond the company boundaries and working closely with organization stakeholders. Efficiency in strategic execution will also be determined by the ability of the company to unlock their greatest resources which is the company labor force or people working with the company. It is also vital for an organization to differentiate between what makes them successful and what can make them successful. This is because most companies have continued to work alongside their traditional approaches. Company culture may be thriving in helping the company sell their brands and improve performance, however, there is an excellent need to develop or create value for company brands. The benefit will assist in retaining and attracting more customers to the company or business and therefore help the company or industry in achieving their long-term goals (Hamid et al., 2014). Past experiences should never be used by companies to develop future strategies, and that future strategy should be based on the commitment, ownership and accountability audit reports conducted by the company as these are critical factors in establishing the success of an organization execution strategy. Explanation of how individual stakeholders participate in cross-functional strategic thinking to help in improving company performance and stakeholder engagement Individual stakeholders, in this case, may arise from both internal and external business environments. In these examples, I use two different stakeholders from different levels from these two business environments. The first individual stakeholder will be the employee or staff (Shields et al., 2015). This group of people plays a significant role in the successful execution of the company strategic plan. Most organizational culture is built around the development of company workforce. Employees can negatively or positively influence the long-term performance of the company or even impact on stakeholder engagement. Employees make the most significant company resources and should be highly valued by the company regarding decision making (Sacks, 2015). Through their skills, they can deliver best services to the customers or even produce quality and valuable goods and services. Their innovative capabilities help in enhancing the competitiveness of the company and assist in adding new ide as to the business which when exploited and implemented lead to increased or improved organization performance. The second group of individual stakeholders is the customers. The customers form part of the company target market. The company brands are developed based on customer market analysis, and therefore customers play an important role in improving the company performance. One of the most important practices is through providing feedback for the consumer brands to the company. Such feedbacks are then used to develop brands which are competitive in the market and tailored to meet customer expectations (Smith, 2017). Customers also help in marketing company products through referrals, and it is essential to building a company strategic plan that is customer centered. It is easy to retain an existing customer than gaining a new customer which emphasizes the need to develop customer service oriented strategies. These two categories of stakeholders, though at different levels, their practices are very critical in long-term business development. Conclusion Most strategic plans and their execution strategies are customers centered with most companies seeking to establish an organizational culture where strategic thinking is a part of everyones day to day life. This means that, the company focus is people operationally centered and that the companies should develop all their strategies around its people. Mozilla Corporation through the leadership of Debbie Cohen has been able to create an effective strategic execution strategy that is focused on the organizational culture and values, the workforce of the company and the competitiveness of company to the web browsing internet market. The company also has an excellent opportunity to learn from her competitors in the industry including Google and the Microsoft Internet Explorer companies. Focusing n business ability to adapt to future changes is indeed the new market competitive advantage strategy while strategic execution remains the most critical part of organizational strategic planning. References Al-Khouri, A. M. (2014). Strategy and execution: Lessons learned from the public sector. International Business Research, 7(10), 61. Bahrami (2013) People Operation at Mozilla Corporation. Bryson, J. M. (2018). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement. John Wiley Sons. Bungay (2011) How to make the most out of your companys strategy. Journal of Applied Leadership and Management, 4, 1-20. Choe, J. M. (2014). The product and process innovations through the strategic alignment of knowledge management. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 22(1), 1-15. Duggal, J. (2018). The DNA of Strategy Execution: Next Generation Project Management and PMO. John Wiley Sons. Gnther, K. (2016). Key Factors for Successful Implementation of a Sustainability Strategy. Journal of Applied Leadership and Management, 4, 1-20. Haines, S. (2016). The systems thinking approach to strategic planning and management. CRC Press. Hamid, S. R., Chew, B. C., Halim, S., Abdullah, M. A. (2014). Business Trends Overview: Illustrating The Future From The Lens Of Mozilla Corporation. Journal of Technology Management and Business, 1(1). Madsen, T. L., Walker, G. (2015). Modern competitive strategy. McGraw Hill. Mikesell, M., Wood, C. (2016). Secrets to successful M A. Strategic Finance, 98(5), 38. Reeves Deimler (2011) Adaptability the new competitive advantage. Journal of Business Aspect, 39(2), 497-518. Sacks, M. (2015). Competition between open source and proprietary software: Strategies for survival. Journal of Management Information Systems, 32(3), 268-295. Salerno, C., Ouma, S., Botha, A. (2015, September). Developing a conceptual model for facilitating the issuing of digital badges in a resource constrained environment. In Proceedings of the 2015 Annual Research Conference on South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists (p. 33). ACM. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015). Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Smith, K. L. (2017). Social Innovation Partnerships: An Opportunity for Critical, Activist Scholarship. Canadian Journal of Communication, 42(1). Wheeler, A. (2017). Designing brand identity: An essential guide for the whole branding team. John Wiley Sons. Wu, S. P. J., Straub, D. W., Liang, T. P. (2015). How information technology governance mechanisms and strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights from a matched survey of business and IT managers. Mis Quarterly, 39(2), 497-518. Zheng, L., Hui, L., Ting, X., Cao, R. (2017, July). New Strategic Thinking Required in Promoting Innovation of Disruptive Technology. In Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), 2017 Portland International Conference on (pp. 1-5). IEEE.

Stanley His Character Essays - English-language Films,

Stanley: His Character DO NOT USE THIS PAPER -- ESPECIALLY IF YOU ATTEND THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE - KNOXVILLE AND HAVE DR. MARILYN HARDWIG AS YOUR PROFESSOR!! THANKS - ASHLEY In the play, A Streetcar Named Desire, author Tennessee Williams does a wonderful job developing the character of Stanley Kowalski. To me, his character seemed most like that of a true person. On the other hand, Stella, Stanley's wife, is mainly displayed as being the loving type, and because that is basically the only character trait she displays, it is difficult to really understand her as a person. The character of Stanley Kowalski is developed much like a real person, having numerous personality traits. One characteristic of Stanley is his rudeness and cruelty towards Blanche, Stella's sister. It is very apparent that Stanley does not care for Blanche. Scene eight mentions Blanche's birthday party, and surprisingly, she receives a gift from Stanley. This gift, however, is not one that most people would appreciate. Blanche is very surprised to get a gift from Stanley, and as she opens it she says, ?Why,why-Why, it's a-? (Williams 111). This is the first indication that there is something the matter. Because Blanche can't finish her sentence, Stanley lets everyone know that it's a ?Ticket! Back to Laurel! On the Greyhound! Tuesday!? (Williams 111). Blanche obviously couldn't finish her sentence because she was insulted that her birthday present implied that she was not welcome by Stanley. Even Stella knew how rude and cruel Stanley had acted towards Blanche. Stella lets Stanley know, ?You needn't have been so cruel...? (Williams 111). In scene ten, Stanley says to Blanche, ?Take a look at yourself in that worn-out Mardi Gras outfit, rented for fifty cents from some rag-picker! And with the crazy crown on! What queen do you think you are (Williams 127). This quote shows that Blanche's physical appearance has also been insulted and put down by Stanley. Although Stanley may not like Blanche, and may be cruel toward her, he still has a very loving and caring side. A very apparent character trait of Stanley is his love for his wife, Stella. In scene two, Stella and Stanley notice all the very nice things that Blanche has in her trunk. For Blanche being a poor girl, Stanley knows that she shouldn't have so many nice things. Stanley expresses his concern to Stella as he says, ?It looks like you have been swindled, baby...? (Williams 35). This shows that Stanley only wants for Stella what she deserves, and if Blanche is not sharing what money is also Stella's, then it upsets him. Normand Berlin, author of ?Complementarity in A Streetcar Named Desire? also agrees that Stanley is much in love for Stella. He states that ?Stanley, himself a garish sun, claims Stella, the star? (100). As much as Stanley loves and cares for Stella, he has a tendency to act the other way, not so loving. The aggressiveness of Stanley is probably his most evident character trait expressed through out the play. One might not think that a simple game of poker with the boys could turn so violent when a couple women walk in the room. Stanley's poker game must be very important to him in order for him to lose complete control and get physical with Stella. At the start of his outrage, the other men playing poker try to calm him down, ?Take it easy, Stanley. Easy fellow? (Williams 57). However, Stanley does not listen, and instead causes Stella to threaten Stanley as her own defense, by saying, ?You lay your hands on me and I'll-? (Williams 57). Stanley's a nger is now out of control. While no one can see what is going on with Stanley and Stella, the stage direction mentions ?There is the sound of a blow. Stella cries out? (Williams 57). Stanley is not only aggressive with Stella, but Blanche as well. In scene ten, Stanley and Blanche get into a quarrel. Blanche breaks a bottle and threatens Stanley by saying, ?So I could twist the broken end in your face!? (Williams 130). Stanley's strength is much more than that of Blanche, and therefore was able to grab her wrist and cause her to drop the bottle. As all of this is

Impact of Lipitor Patent Expiry on Pfizer. Essay Example

Impact of Lipitor Patent Expiry on Pfizer. Essay Example Impact of Lipitor Patent Expiry on Pfizer. Paper Impact of Lipitor Patent Expiry on Pfizer. Paper IMPACT OF LIPITOR PATENT EXPIRY ON PFIZER. TABLE OF CONTENTSPAGE NO Executive Summary3 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Introduction4 1. 2 What is Lipitor5 1. 3Expiry of Lipitor patent5-6 CHAPTER 2: CHALLENGERS 2. 1 Challengers6 2. 2 Pfizer’s strategies7 CHAPTER 3:FINANCIAL IMPACT ON PFIZER AS LIPITOR GOES GENERIC 8-9 Recommendations10 Conclusion11 Executive summary: This report is about the impact of patent termination of Lipitor on Pfizer pharmaceutical company. Lipitor has been in the market since 1997 and is the mother of all drugs. wsj_live, 2011) As of November 30th 2011 Pfizer lost the patent of Lipitor opening path to generic competitors for America’s most popular medication and now all generic producing companies will be able get hold of the patent and produce their own stock legally. Pfizer was the first to earn 11$ billion in a year selling Lipitor and 130 $ billion over the patent’s life Lipitor is responsible for the one sixth sales of Pfizer. Due to the patent expiration of the drug Lipitor now other generic producing companies will be able to produce the drug and sell it at much lower rate than Lipitor which is a branded drug. Lipitor is a blockbuster drug of Pfizer which is responsible for making a huge profit and has kept the company at the no1 position. Until now Pfizer was the sole producer and enjoyed the monopoly of the drug. As Lipitor goes generic the rates of the drug are falling down massively so as to keep the current users of the drug to continue it. Pfizer is putting up a fight with all generic producing companies and as it is the best marketing pharmaceutical company in the world it is using strategies to keep the sales up and to make the consumers eep using Lipitor even after the expiration. It is good news for the consumers but not so much for the pharmaceutical industry. Lipitor is a blockbuster drug which going generic is a very big deal in the world of pharmaceuticals; it has been responsible for making a 27% of total sales revenue for all biopharmaceuticals. Pfizer is the best marketing pharmaceutical company in the world which is why it will squeeze out all of the value of the brand by using all strategies which are applicable in this case. It has a lot of challengers who have been waiting to get an opportunity to start producing the generic version of Lipitor like Ranbaxy and Watson pharmaceutical who have the approval to produce the generic Lipitor for 180 days after the patent expiry. While Pfizer thanking on the fact that the price difference between the branded and generic will not be much for the first six months. (sanburn, 2011) Pfizer is hoping for all the current users of Lipitor to remain loyal to the brand and at the same time is negotiating and made deals with sellers to have them sell Lipitor in the market at the generic prices. wsj_live, 2011) The impact on Pfizer financially is at large in the start but due to its solid financial risk and excellent business risk profile it will be able to withstand the loss in the coming time. The investors are warned at expecting lower numbers and with plans to stabilize them in a short period of time. It is a very complex situation but due to Pfizer’s creative pr ocess to deal with the situation it will help to bring the numbers up. With the patent expiry of Lipitor it is challenging to present the investors with the numbers Pfizer has hit before but it’s not impossible. philippidis, 2011) INTRODUCTION: PFIZER is the world’s largest pharmaceutical company. It was created in the year 1849 by Charles Pfizer and company, a chemical business; over the last century it has associated itself with developing trends to become a research-based pharmaceutical company. The penicillin used during the World War 2 was produced was Pfizer. The company is situated in New York with its research department in Groton, Connecticut, united states. It owns the best cholesterol lowering drug Lipitor and has other 14 blockbuster drugs. In the first year it generated revenues of 67. 8$ billion and net income of 8. 26$ billion. (philippidis, 2011)Pfizer is the largest player in the pharmaceutical market having the best power in marketing and forming associations. It also posts the highest dividends in the industry. Pfizer faces challenges common to all pharmaceutical companies such as patent expiration and FDA regulation. It is dedicated to applying science and global resources to progress health and well-being at every stage of life. Subsidiary members are Agouron pharmaceuticals, G. D Searle company, Greenstone, Park- Davis, Wyeth, Pharmacia, Upjohn, Warner lambert. (control, 2011) Pfizer‘s ceo Ian Reid announced that company would dissociate substantial portions of the company with the aim to focus on pharmaceuticals. Its business is divided into two divisions which are biopharmaceutical with 86% of revenues which consists of primary care, speciality care, established products, emerging markets and oncology. The diversified makes 14% of revenues which consists of consumer healthcare, animal health, nutrition among others. Some major products of biopharmaceutical (86%of total revenue) are; (sanburn, 2011) Lipitor- statin that decreases LDL levels, best-selling and and the most important for Pfizer as it contributes significantly to the growth of the company. However, the patent expired opening it to competition with the generic drugs. Enbrel- for arthritis, plaque psoriasis ankylosing spondiltis. this with the purchase of Wyeth was the largest drug acquired with Pfizer. Lyrica- used for the treatment of epilepsy9most successful pharmaceutical launches of Pfizer. Also used for treating central nerve pain and anxiety disorder. Prevnar- for invasive pneumonia. Celebrex- used for arthritis joint pain. Viagra-Important drug for Pfizer lost its patent in 2010. It’s used for erectile dysfunction. Norvasc- most prescribed branded medicine for lowering blood pressure. Pfizer has an enormous RD budget spending 9. 48$ billion in 2010 for research and development purposes. LIPITOR (GENERIC NAME IS ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM) Lipitor is the mother of all drugs. It is a statin that is used to lower cholesterol levels. Pfizer best-selling drug and the world’s largest selling drug. It is sold in 10, 20, 40 or 80mg. Lipitor came in the market in 1997 and collected in 100$ billion even in a crowded market containing many other cholesterol lowering statins many of them have already gone generic. Pfizer’s sales from Lipitor have made 11$billion in a year which is about one-sixth of Pfizer’s total sales. 8. 7 million American’s use Lipitor to lower their cholesterol levels. Lipitor contributes significantly for the growth of Pfizer; it is one of its blockbuster drugs. It has been the most profitable prescription drug in the history with millions of users. It is a big change for the consumers and for the world of pharmaceutical companies. EXPIRY OF LIPITOR’S PATENT: Lipitor has been in the market since 1997 being the only drug available in the market for lowering cholesterol levels but Pfizer lost patent rights of Lipitor on nov30th 2011 making pathway for the generic competitors for America’s most popular medication. Pfizer made an 11$ billion in 2010 worldwide selling Lipitor and a 130$billion over the patents life. Lipitor is one of the blockbuster drugs of Pfizer. After patent expiry of Lipitor other generic producers will be able to produce it and sell it at a much cheaper rate making it lose it exclusivity. The most profitable drug in the history loses its exclusivity after being in the market for 14 yrs. Pfizer took a hit of 4% or 1. 5 $billion due to patent expiration of Lipitor. (time, 2011) Before patent expiration it cost 5$ a pill for the consumers but after patent termination it has come down to 4$ per month, it is likely to reduce much further in the next coming 6 months in which there would be a price war. People will now be able to buy Lipitor for 80% off its original cost. Lipitor global sales were 10$ billion last year and they are to go as low as 3. 2$ billion in the year 2012. cnbc news, 2011) Pfizer has already lost exclusivity of Lipitor in Brazil, Mexico, Canada, and Spain last year but is still making revenues from the developing countries. Pfizer is forced to sell their branded drug Lipitor at generic prices as the patent ends. Now any pharmaceutical company can get hold of the patent and manufacture their own stock legally. Pfizer enjoyed the monopoly of the drug for all these yrs. and was the sole producer of the drug Lipitor until November 2011. Pfizer has been able to maintain its global no1 ranking for years because of Lipitor sales. THE CHALLENGERS: There are many generic drug making companies around the world. Ranbaxy India’s largest generic drug maker had to settle proceedings with Pfizer back in 2008 who has won the rights to sell the drug exclusively for the next six months after the patent expiration. Ranbaxy got the approval from the food and drug administration (FDA) to make the generic version of the drug Lipitor which will be manufactured in New Brunswick at the ohm laboratories and will be sharing its profit with Teva pharmaceuticals for the first six months. After six months another authorised generic version of Lipitor will be sold by Watson pharmaceuticals that have an exclusive agreement with Pfizer, according to which Pfizer will manufacture and sell generic Lipitor to Watson for the next five years. But those generics won’t be significantly cheaper than Lipitor if at all. (narayan, 2011) After the Ranbaxy settlement several other legal issues were resolved with generic drug making companies which were looking in for some action which included Mylan, Teva pharmaceuticals and one of the most recent was Dr. Reddy’s laboratories. philippidis, 2011) Teva pharmaceutical company clashed with Pfizer for quite some time but then on October 7 both decided that Teva would not sell generic Lipitor in the UK market till the expiration of the drug in the country which is still may 2012. More generics mean more competition and fewer sales . PFIZER STRATEGIES: Lipitor has made millions in profit for Pfizer therefore Pfizer using an ex tensive plan to keep its 10 million patients using Lipitor to stay on it. Pfizer is fighting against all generic producing companies to keep the Lipitor sales as high as possible. Pfizer strategy to prevail the loss of patent rights of its bestselling drug Lipitor has resulted in making deals to sustain a part of 11 billion annual sales from Lipitor and to hold on to the exclusivity of the drug in the market. Deals like, ? Drug-benefit agencies providing discounts to the patients for prolonged use of the drug even after the patent termination. ?Making it available over the counter to stand the attack expected from generics. ?Negotiations made with insurance providers blocking pharmacies from making generic version of Lipitor available to the patients. (wsj_live, 2011) ? Providing patients with discount cards so they can purchase the drug for 4$ a month (25$ lower from the average co-pay for a brand name drug) (sanburn, 2011) ? Paying pharmacies to mail patients with a 4$ copay card and to continue it. (wsj_live, 2011) ? Deals made with catalyst health insurance Inc. and Coventry health care Inc. to not let the generic version of Lipitor gets into the hands of customers until next summer. ?And Pfizer made deals with other health care companies will keep Lipitor at a low price for the next 6 months. ?Pfizer negotiated terms with Medco health solutions Inc. to supply Lipitor through its direct mail services. Pfizer’s lipitor. com website is another online channel set up to sell Lipitor. ?Pfizer’s program called â€Å"Lipitor for you† according to which the drug is delivered to your house, focusing on the consumers. Pfizer being the best marketing pharmaceutical company in the world will do everything to squeeze out every possible v alue from the brand. From each 90 day supply of Lipitor Pfizer will make a profit of 100$ from the usual 225$ which it made before the market opened to generics. If the manufacturing companies were to scale back their marketing campaign profits for Pfizer could stay up. Due to the new changes in the statin market it could be a win-win situation for all as consumers have the option to stay on the original Lipitor which is available at cut off prices and also the benefit to the consumers from low cost generics. Pfizer is using a very creative process to deal with this complex situation. (sanburn, 2011) FINANCIAL IMPACT ON PFIZER AS LIPITOR GOES GENERIC: After 14 years world’s most profitable prescription drug goes generic with many people using it for all these years (newshour, as patent of lipitor expires is era of blockbuster drugs over, 2011). Pfizer has made 130$ billion over Lipitor’s patent life. A Lipitor pill cost about 5$ a pill while costing only a dime to make it has come down to costing 4$ a month, it has come down and will initially fall lower then that. As generic are as good as branded drugs that is why people would choose to buy the low cost generic version of the drug. Lipitor roughly is responsible for one sixth of Pfizer’s total sales. (sanburn, 2011) Pfizer’s sales in 2010 were 67. 8$billion while after the expiration of Lipitor the sales forecast in 2012 will be as low as 63 to 63. $ billion. (dupont, 2011)Lipitor’s sales were 10$ billion in 2010 and in 2012 they are forecasted to be down to 3. 8$ billion. Lipitor which costs 120$ a month will fall down 30% in December 10 to 20% more than the usual drop of price when a patent expires of a drug. Pfizer will not be able to compensate the drop of price in short term but Pfizer maintaining the solid minimal financial risk and excel lent business risk profile will be able to withstand the revenue loss in the next 2 years. Lipitor’s sales have been downsizing since the last few years, in 2006 it accounted for 27% of total biopharmaceuticals revenues by making sales of 12. 9$ billion in that year, while coming down to 11. 4$billion in 2009 , yet at 10. 7$billion in sales worldwide while US alone responsible for 5. 3$billion in sales. Lipitor has been the best prescription drug sold all around the world and Pfizer’s best blockbuster drug for years. The drug alone accounted for 18% revenues of biopharmaceutical worldwide. (philippidis, 2011) Pfizer’s EPS investors losing 3% or gaining 1%over last year’s 2. 3$. EPS is expected to fall somewhere between 2. 16 to 2. 26$. Pfizer lowers the RD spending this year to 8 to 8. 5$ billion from 9. 4$ billion in year 2010. Before the companies merger between Wyeth and Pfizer of 65$ billion, RD spending were 11$ billion in the year 2009. pfizer has warned the investors to expect lower number in the year 2012 with the revenue ranging between 62. 2$ to 64. 7$billion which is 5% at the lower end and 3% at the higher end. RD to fall again after every guidance. Pfizer expects the EPS to bounce back 2. 25 to 2. 35 which is up 4% at both ends. Without a blockbuster drug like Lipitor it is challenging to present investors with numbers that Pfizer has hit before. Lipitor has been the blockbuster drug of Pfizer for years making it a very successful company and is responsible for the growth of the company keeping it at the no1 position for years. (philippidis, 2011) RECOMMENDATIONS: As the situation is complex and Pfizer should use a very creative way to deal with the situation so as to maintain the sales of Lipitor in the market and to have all the current consumers to continue with the drug even at a low rate as the generics. The drug is clinically approved and the most reliable which is used for low cholesterol. The same formulation drug which will be available at a low rate after the expiry of the patent, therefore the company should make deals with generic producers of Lipitor where they will agree to sell the drug which will be manufactured by Pfizer for a certain period of time, likely for the first 6 months pricing it to the same value as the other generic versions of Lipitor. And to use marketing strategies which would help in making the consumers use the best medicine which has been used for the past 14 years and is known all around the world as the best and most profitable prescription drug. The generic Lipitor will be manufactured by Pfizer and will be sold all around the world through different generic making pharmaceutical companies where Pfizer will also supply the drug to the companies at a lower rate. The supply cost of the drug to the companies will be lower than the other companies. Pfizer can use the drugs which are still in the pipeline and make another blockbuster drug which will not be able to take place of Lipitor but would help in increasing the revenues of the company and make up for the loss of profit from the lowering of the prices of Lipitor. at present having no other blockbuster drug to fill that hole is creating problems and Pfizer trying to hang on to all the revenues that can come from Lipitor, therefore it’s important to pay attention to making another blockbuster available in the market as soon as possible to compensate the loses. Pfizer can make deals with other pharmaceutical companies also to sell their drug without the brand label and in turn share the revenues with them. it costs less than a dime to make a pill and now saving on the costs of advertising and marketing the branded drug will also be saved, which would help in making more deals to sell the drug in the market. Making agreements with all the generic producers which are vast in number all around the world and to get them to give a percentage or royalty on the sale of that then Pfizer will be benefitting from all those companies. CONCLUSION: After a patent of a drug expires it is assumed that the drug will vanish after that from the market but Pfizer has fought and will continue to fight for Lipitor and will stay with it, as it has been proved by the company by using all types of strategies and making deals and programs to keep the sales up and protecting it from vanishing. All efforts have been made by Pfizer to stave off initial competition by offering Lipitor at the same price as the generic equivalents that are to flood the market. Due to the limited competition in the start as only two companies have got the approval to produce the generic Lipitor, it will be easy for Pfizer to keep the market for Lipitor users and to be able to still maintain sales of the drug in the market. The company has also cut the co-pays of all the eligible patients to as low as 4$ a prescription which is for branded Lipitor and also it will cover up to 50% for a co-payment of every prescription through December 2012. It is too early to know if the approach used by Pfizer will benefit or not after 6 months and if Pfizer will continue to fight with all other generic makers after that period as that would result in lowering the prices even further more which would not be profitable for Pfizer. (linda a. johanson, 2011) In conclusion of this report it can be said that the impact of the patent expiration of Lipitor has proven to be a very complex matter and the company has taken ever possible step towards reducing this impact and will continue to do so in the future. Pfizer the best marketing pharmaceutical company in the world and it will be able to fight with other generic making companies at least for the first 6 months due to the limited competition. (wsj_live, 2011) Pfizer is not ready to let their gig money maker go down without a fight and will continue to do so even after generics hit the market. Lipitor is not going to just exit stage left, as it is the expiration of US biggest drug in history. REFERENCES: Bibliography pfizers big problem: lipitor patent expiration. (2011, november 15th). Retrieved december 11, 2011, from pharmacytimes. com: pharmacytimes. com/blogs/redheaded-pharmacist/1111/Pfizers-Big-Problem-Lipitor-Patent-Expiration agustino fontevecchia. (2011, august 2nd). pfizer suffer loss of exclusivity, braces itself lipitor expiration. Retrieved december 10th, 2011, from forbes. com: forbes. com/sites/afontevecchia/2011/08/02/pfizer-suffers-loss-of-exclusivity-braces-itself-for-lipitor-expiration/ brian o. relly, p. (2011, november 30th). three things more important to pfizer than losing lipitor.

Cultural homogenization and the Internet Research Paper

Cultural homogenization and the Internet - Research Paper Example Since internet enables people of various cultural backgrounds to intermingle easily across the globe, it tends to form one uniform culture. Over a period of time, â€Å"popular cultural artifacts supersede the individual cultures, unpopular artifacts disappear, and the cultures resemble each other more† (par.3). Globalization, social media and internet can be perceived as the main reasons for cultural homogenization. By and large, the internet has a vast amount of information of anything, which a person can access from anywhere in the world. For e.g. A Mexican recipe is easily available to an Indian and vice versa. Cultural homogenization is unstoppable in this internet age. ICT gives a â€Å"powerful impetus to this cultural homogenization† (Fairweather & Rogerson 1). Globalization grows in a very fast pace and so does the business, economy and the internet. Since people across all nations have access to the internet, at very cheap rates, they will indulge more frequen tly in activities such as social networking etc the resulting interaction will facilitate a blending of different cultures. Thus, a new global culture will evolve to replace smaller, individual cultures. ... Exclusive insight about various cultures can be easily explored and shared via internet. Before the internet age, it was difficult to obtain information about other cultures unless through books or visiting that particular country. Cultural homogenization makes it possible for a person of one culture to like something of another culture and start to follow it. Cultural homogenization will continuously grow as the content about the cultures grows on the internet. Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and blogging sites make it easy to discuss, share and communicate among people of diverse cultures. Internet usage is dominant in both developed and developing countries. This serves as a way to spread cultural ideals. Since English is the universal language of the internet, information is easily comprehended by many cross cultural people. The use of internet by a large number of people has facilitated frequent interaction and the resultant cultural exchange. The Internet could be a â€Å"harbinger † to the ideals of â€Å"democracy and human rights† in places â€Å"where these ideals are not appreciated by the authorities† (Hongladarom 1998). Internet promotes cultural understanding by â€Å"enabling people† from different â€Å"cultural background and identities under conditions that are conducive to cultural exchange† (Brey 4). Besides, the internet also promotes â€Å"cultural fragmentation† by â€Å"stimulating the formation of virtual communities and groups organized around† specific â€Å"interests, themes or cultural identities† (6). Cultural homogenization is widely considered as a way to improve rather than deter independence, preservation of culture, and general economic conditions. Common culture paves

Summary of Anders Stephanson's Global Competition and Manifest Destiny Essay

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